Critical Appraisal of Epidemiological Studies and Clinical Trials (4 edn)
Mark Elwood
Published:
2017
Online ISBN:
9780191763045
Print ISBN:
9780199682898
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Critical Appraisal of Epidemiological Studies and Clinical Trials (4 edn)
Mark Elwood
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Mark Elwood
Mark Elwood
Professor of Cancer Epidemiology, University of Auckland, New Zealand
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Pages
366–378
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Published:
February 2017
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Elwood, Mark, 'Critical appraisal of a matched case–control study', Critical Appraisal of Epidemiological Studies and Clinical Trials, 4 edn (
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Abstract
This chapter presents a matched case-control study, of historical importance as the first report of an important aetiological relationship which was subsequently confirmed. It shows the methods for a small matched study, and the complexities of separating the effects of a treatment from the effects of indications for the treatment. The critical assessment follows the scheme set out in chapter 10: describing the study, assessing the non-causal explanations of observation bias, confounding, and chance variation; assessing time relationships, strength, dose-response, consistency and specificity, and applying the results to the eligible, source, and target populations; and then comparing the results with evidence from other studies, considering consistency and specificity, biological mechanisms, and coherence with the distribution of exposures and outcomes. The chapter gives a summary and table of the critical assessment and its conclusions; and comments on the impact of the study and research carried out since.
Keywords: Case-control, matching, oestrogens, endometrial cancer, retrospective
Subject
Public Health Epidemiology
Collection: Oxford Medicine Online
Disclaimer
Oxford University Press makes no representation, express or implied, that the drug dosages in this book are correct. Readers must therefore always … More Oxford University Press makes no representation, express or implied, that the drug dosages in this book are correct. Readers must therefore always check the product information and clinical procedures with the most up to date published product information and data sheetsprovided by the manufacturers and the most recent codes of conduct and safety regulations. The authors and the publishers do not accept responsibility or legal liability for any errors in the text or for the misuse or misapplication of material in this work. Except where otherwise stated, drug dosages and recommendations are for the non-pregnant adult who is not breastfeeding.
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